March of the Republic: On India’s 77th Republic Day and the President’s speech

Context & The Gist

The article discusses President Droupadi Murmu’s address on the eve of India’s 77th Republic Day. It highlights her emphasis on India’s self-reliance, its role in promoting peace, and recent national achievements, including economic progress and successful military operations like 'Operation Sindoor'. However, the editorial argues that while celebrating these achievements is important, the government must also engage in self-reflection and address the persistent struggles of its citizens, upholding the core principles of the Constitution.

The central thesis is that true progress isn't solely measured by economic growth or military strength, but by the extent to which the state protects citizens' rights and fulfills its constitutional duties. The speech, while positive, risks overlooking the challenges that remain in realizing the ideals of the Republic.

Key Arguments & Nuances

• Achievements vs. Self-Reflection: The President’s speech focused on accomplishments, but the editorial stresses the need for honest self-assessment alongside celebration.
• Constitutional Nationalism: The invocation of constitutional nationalism is seen as a call to revisit the Constitution’s ideals, but the editorial cautions against using ‘civilisational pride’ to mask present-day issues.
• Economic & Military Progress: While acknowledging progress in areas like the economy (GST, Labour Codes) and defense ('Operation Sindoor'), the article argues these are not the sole indicators of national advancement.
• Rights & Duties: The editorial emphasizes that merely praising the Constitution is insufficient; the state must actively protect citizens’ rights and fulfill its duties.
• Underlying Concerns: The article subtly points to potential issues like sectarian politics, weakening federalism, and corruption as threats to the constitutional ideals.

UPSC Syllabus Relevance

• Polity: Constitutional framework, fundamental rights, and duties.
• Governance: Issues relating to development, growth, and challenges therein.
• Economy: Government policies and their impact on economic development.

Prelims Data Bank

• Republic Day: Celebrated on January 26th, commemorating the adoption of the Constitution of India in 1950.
• Vande Mataram: Composed in 1875 by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, it became the national song of India.
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel: Instrumental in integrating princely states into India after independence.
• GST (Goods and Services Tax): A comprehensive indirect tax levied on the manufacture, sale and consumption of goods and services across India.
• Operation Sindoor (Hypothetical): Represents India’s growing self-reliance in defense and precision strike capabilities.

Mains Critical Analysis

The editorial presents a crucial reminder that national progress is multifaceted and requires continuous self-assessment. Using a PESTLE framework, we can analyze the implications:

• Political: The emphasis on constitutional nationalism raises questions about the balance between national identity and inclusivity, particularly in a diverse country like India.
• Economic: While economic reforms are lauded, the article implicitly points to the need for equitable distribution of benefits and addressing socio-economic disparities.
• Social: Recognizing the contributions of various segments of society (farmers, women, etc.) is positive, but addressing systemic inequalities remains a challenge.
• Technological: Self-reliance in defense (Operation Sindoor) highlights the importance of indigenous technological development, but also raises concerns about resource allocation.
• Legal: Upholding the Constitution’s principles requires a robust and independent judiciary and effective enforcement of laws.
• Environmental: The article doesn't directly address environmental concerns, but sustainable development is crucial for long-term progress.

A key critical gap is the lack of specific discussion on addressing issues like social justice, regional imbalances, and the erosion of institutional autonomy. The speech, as reflected in the editorial, appears to prioritize achievements over acknowledging and actively resolving these challenges.

Value Addition

• Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973): This landmark SC judgment established the ‘basic structure’ doctrine, limiting Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution in a way that alters its fundamental features.
• Constituent Assembly Debates: Studying the debates reveals the framers’ vision for India and provides context for interpreting constitutional principles.
• National Integration Council: Established in 1961, this council aimed to promote communal harmony and national integration. Its relevance remains in addressing sectarian politics.

Context & Linkages

This past article highlighted the symbolic gesture of political leaders reading the Preamble to the Constitution. However, it also pointed out the underlying political polarization that contradicts the ideals enshrined in the Constitution. The current editorial builds on this theme by emphasizing the need to move beyond symbolic gestures and genuinely uphold constitutional principles in practice.

The article on the 'Board of Peace' demonstrates India's cautious approach to international engagements, prioritizing its own principles and interests. This aligns with the editorial's call for self-reflection and not blindly celebrating achievements without considering potential drawbacks or neglecting domestic challenges. Both articles emphasize the importance of strategic autonomy and upholding core values.

The Way Forward

• Strengthen Institutions: Ensure the independence and effectiveness of institutions like the judiciary, Election Commission, and civil services.
• Promote Inclusive Growth: Implement policies that address socio-economic disparities and ensure equitable distribution of benefits.
• Uphold Federalism: Foster cooperative federalism and address concerns regarding the weakening of the federal structure.
• Enhance Transparency & Accountability: Strengthen mechanisms for transparency and accountability in governance to combat corruption.
• Prioritize Social Justice: Implement affirmative action policies and address systemic discrimination against marginalized communities.