Context & The Gist
The recent explosion near Red Fort in Delhi, resulting in casualties, has triggered investigations under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) and the Explosives Act. The article argues that an effective counterterrorism strategy necessitates not only robust security measures and legal frameworks but also the proactive promotion of social harmony and the reinforcement of state legitimacy to counter the terrorists’ objective of inciting social chaos.
Key Arguments & Nuances
- The Incident & Investigation: The blast, investigated by the NIA, has led to the identification of a suspect linked to a potential network. The article emphasizes the need to avoid speculation and prioritize a transparent investigation.
- Evolving Terrorism Landscape: While organized terrorism has largely been confined to conflict zones in recent years, the Delhi blast signifies an alarming shift, potentially indicating a broader threat.
- Hard Laws vs. Comprehensive Security: The Indian approach to counterterrorism has involved strengthening laws (like UAPA) and increasing security measures. However, the article points out that policing is only one component of a broader national security strategy.
- The Role of Social Harmony: The core argument is that counterterrorism must go beyond law enforcement and address the underlying social factors that contribute to radicalization and terrorism. Promoting social harmony is crucial to undermining terrorist objectives.
UPSC Syllabus Relevance
- GS Paper 2 (Polity & Governance): Issues relating to the development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to Health, Education, and Human Resources. (Social Harmony)
- GS Paper 3 (Internal Security): Challenges to internal security such as terrorism.
- GS Paper 3 (Economy): Role of security agencies in economic development and security.
Prelims Data Bank
- UAPA (Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act), 1967: Amended in 2019 to include individual designation as terrorists.
- NIA (National Investigation Agency): Established in 2008 to investigate terror-related crimes.
- Article 355: Duty of the Union to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance.
Mains Critical Analysis
The Delhi blast highlights the complex interplay between security measures and socio-political factors in combating terrorism. The Indian state’s response has traditionally leaned towards a ‘hard power’ approach, strengthening laws and security apparatus. However, this approach, while necessary, is insufficient. The article rightly emphasizes the importance of addressing the root causes of radicalization, which often stem from social grievances, economic disparities, and political marginalization.
Challenges
- Balancing Security & Civil Liberties: The use of stringent laws like UAPA raises concerns about potential misuse and infringement of fundamental rights.
- Radicalization Pathways: Understanding the evolving pathways to radicalization, including online influences, is crucial for effective prevention.
- Inter-Agency Coordination: Effective counterterrorism requires seamless coordination between various intelligence and security agencies.
Opportunities
- Community Policing: Building trust and collaboration between law enforcement and local communities can enhance intelligence gathering and prevent radicalization.
- Counter-Narrative Strategies: Developing and disseminating counter-narratives to challenge extremist ideologies is essential.
- Rehabilitation & Reintegration: Providing rehabilitation and reintegration programs for former militants can help prevent recidivism.
Value Addition
- Justice Verma Committee (2013): Recommended amendments to criminal laws, including provisions related to sexual assault, but also touched upon the need for a nuanced approach to counterterrorism.
- SC Judgments on UAPA: The Supreme Court has emphasized the need for strict adherence to procedural safeguards while invoking UAPA.
- Best Practice (UK’s CONTEST Strategy): A comprehensive counterterrorism strategy focusing on Pursue, Prevent, Protect, and Prepare.
- Quote: “Terrorism is the most dangerous form of political violence.” – Arundhati Roy
The Way Forward
- Immediate Measure: Expedite the investigation into the Delhi blast, ensuring transparency and accountability. Focus on identifying and dismantling the entire network involved.
- Long-term Reform: Develop a comprehensive national security strategy that integrates security measures with socio-economic development programs and initiatives promoting social harmony and inclusivity. Invest in community-based counter-radicalization programs.